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  • Nacken, A., Rehfuess, E.A., Paul, I., Lupapula, A., and Pfadenhauer, L.M. (2018). Teachers’ competence, school policy and social context—HIV prevention needs of primary schools in Kagera, Tanzania. Health Education Research 33(6):505-521.

  • Naderi, Z., Zigheimat, F., Ebadi, A., Kachouei, H., and Mahdizadeh, S. (2009). Evaluation of the Application of the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model on the Quality of Life of People Living with Epilepsy Referring to Baqyatallah Hospital in Tehran. Daneshvar med. 16(82):37–44. [Free Full Text - in Persian Language]

  • Nadrian, H., Sharifabad, M., Soleimani Salehabadi, H. (2010). Paradims of rheumatoid arthritis patients quality of life predictors based on path analysis of the Precede model. Hormozgan Med J. 14(1): 32–44.[Free Full Text - in Persian Language]

  • National Cancer Institute (2001).  Five-a-Day for Better Health Program.  Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute Monograph 01-5018, National Institutes of Health. Indicates applications of the PRECEDE-PROCEDE model in the Five-a-Day projects in Louisiana (pp. 135, 138), North Carolina (pp. 152, 158), and describes the Model in Appendix D-3.

  • National Committee for Injury Prevention and Control (1989). Injury Prevention: Meeting the Challenge (New York: Oxford University Press), as a supplement to the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 5(3): pp. 10, 74-76

  • National Research Council. An Integrated Framework for Assessing the Value of Community-Based Prevention . Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2012.

  • Naylor, P.J., Wharf-Higgins, J., Blair, L., Green, L., & O’Connor, B.  (2002).  Evaluating the participatory process in a community-based heart health project.  Social Science & Medicine, 55(7): 1173-1187.

  • Nazari, M., Heydarnia, A., Eftekhar, A.H., Mobaasheri, M., Amin, S.F., Niknami, S., et al. (2008). Paper: Interventions based on PRECEDE-PROCEED for Promoting Safety Behaviors In Primary School Boys. Armaghane-Danesh, 13(2): 83-93. [Free Full Text in Persian language]

  • Neef, N., Scutchfield, F. D., Elder, J. & Bender, S. J. (1991). Testicular self examination by young men: An analysis of characteristics associated with practice. Journal of American College Health, 39(4): 187-190.

  • Nelson, C.F. (CDC), Kreuter, M.W., Watkins, N.B., Stoddard, R.R. (1986). A partnership between the community, state, and federal government: rhetoric or reality. Hygie (Paris) 5(3): 27-31.

  • Nelson, C. F., Kreuter, M.W., Watkins, N.B., Stoddard, R.R. (1987). Planned Approach to Community Health: The PATCH Program. In PA Nutting, (ed.), Community-Oriented Primary Care: From Principle to Practice. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, HRS-A-PE 86-1, chap. 47. [The PATCH manual was continuously updated online by CDC until 2004, as it was gradually replaced by a new generation of community health planning tools]. For the full PATCH manual, which is now out of print, click here. 

  • Neumark-Sztainer, D., Story, M. (1996). The use of health behavior theory in nutrition counseling. Topics in Clinical Nutrition; 11(2): 60-73.

  • Newman, I.M. and Martin, G.L. (1982). Attitudinal and normative factors associated with adolescent cigarette smoking in Australia and the USA: a methodology to assist health education planning. Community Health Studies 6(1): 47-56.

  • Newman, I.M., Martin, G.L., and Weppner, R. (1982). A conceptual model for developing prevention programs. The International Journal of the Addictions 17(3): 493-504.

  • Ngowi, H.A., Mlangwa, J.ED., Mlozi, M.RS., Tolma, E.L., Kassuku, A.A., Carabin, H., and Willingham, A.L. (2009). Implementation and evaluation of a health-promotion strategy for control of Taenia solium infections in northern Tanzania. International Journal of Health Promotion and Education 47(1): 24-34. 

  • Ngowi, H.A., Tolma, E.l., Kassuku, A A., Mlozi, M. RS., Mlangwa, J.ED., Carabin, H. and Willingham, A L. (2007). Using the PRECEDE model to plan a health promotion strategy for control of Taenia solium infections in northern Tanzania. International Journal of Health Promotion and Education 45(2): 41-48. 

  • Nguyen, T. T. (MD, Asst Prof., Univ of California, San Francisco, Vietnamese Community Health Promotion Project, 44 Page St., Suite 500, San Francisco, CA 94102, tung@itsa.ucsf.edu), McPhee, S.J., Nguyen, T., Lam, T., Mock, J. (2002).  Predictors of cervical pap smear screening awareness, intention, and receipt among Vietnamese-American women. Amer J Prev Med 23(3):207-214.

  • Nguyen, M.N., Grignon, R., Tremblay, M., Delisle, L. (Direction de la Santé Publique de Laval, 800 Boul.Chomedey, Tour A, 2ieme étage, Laval, Québec, Canada, H7V 1X1). (1995). Behavioral diagnosis of 30 to 60 year-old men in the Fabreville Heart Health Program. Journal of Community Health 20(3):257-269.

  • Nguyen, M.N., Potvin, L., O'Loughlin, J., Philibert, L., Moisan, J., Paradis, G., Tremblay, M. (1995). L'épicerie aide-t-elle le consommateur a choisir les aliments qui favorisent la santé du coeur? Une étude exploratoire. Canadian Journal of Public Health 86(3): 185-187.

  • Nicklas, T.A. (Dept of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Development and Education, North Dakota State University, EML Hall, PO Box 5057, Fargo, ND 58105-5057), Johnson, C.C., Myers, L., Farris, R. P., & Cunningham, A. (1998). Outcomes of high school program to increase fruit and vegetable consumption: Gimme 5 – A fresh nutrition concept for students. Journal of School Health 68(6): 248-253.

  • Noble, K.A., and Lauzon, R.R.J. (1986). Smoke-free spaces for kids — a Canadian experiment. Health Education Journal, 45(3):152-154.

  • Norozi, E., Mostafavi, F., Hassanzadeh, A., Moodi, M., and Sharifirad, G. (2011). Factors related with quality of life among postmenopausal women in Isfahan, Iran, based on behavioral analysis phase of precede model. Health System Res. 7(3): 267–77.

  • Nowjack-Raymer, R. (NIDR, Health Promotion Sect., Westwood Bldg., 5333 Westbard Ave., Bethesda, MD 20892) (1990). Contributing factors to maternal and child oral health. Journal Public Health 50(6 Spec No):370-378.

  • Nozu, Y. (Assoc.Prof., 1-1 Tegata Gakuen, Akita Univ., Akita City, 010 Japan), Iwai, K., and Watanabe, M. (1996). AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and skills among high school students in Akita: Results from Akita AIDS education for Adolescent Survey (AAAS). Abstract No.234. Proceedings: Makuhari, Japan: XVth World Conference of the International Union for Health Promotion and Education: 306-309. 

  • Null, Dawn Bloyd. (2011). A preliminary study of living and working on the towboat: What are the health implications? The Health Education Monograph Series (Eta Sigma Gamma National Professional Health Education Honorary), 28(3):48-55.

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  • O'Brien, R.W., Smith, S.S., Bush, P.J., & Peleg, E. (Div.of Children's Health Promotion, Georgetown Univ., Rm.415, Kober-Cogan Hall, 3750 Reservoir Rd., NW, Washington, DC 20007). (1990). Obesity, self-esteem, and health locus of control in black youths during transition to adolescence. American Journal of Health Promotion 5(2):133-139. Based on KYB project using PRECEDE model, see Bush (1989).

  • Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (1981). Toward a Healthy Community: Organizing Events for Community Health Promotion (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Pub. No. PHS 80-50113).

  • Ogaitis, S., Chen, T.T., and Cernada, G.P. (1988). Eating attitudes, dieting, and bulimia among junior high school students. Intl. Quar. Community Health Education 9(1): 51-61.

  • Oh, H.S. & Kim, Y.R. (1993).  Planning process of health promotion programs for individuals with arthritis (in Korean). Kanhohak Tamgu, 2(2): 79-99, discussion 100-1.

  • Oliver-Vazquez, M.; Sanchez-Ayendez, M.; Suarez-Perez, E.; Velez-Almodovar, H. (1999).   Planning a Breast Cancer Health Promotion: Qualitative and Quantitative Data on Puerto Rican Elderly Women.  Promotion and Education, 6(4):16-19.

  • Oliver-Vazquez, M., Sanchez-Ayendez, M., Suarez-Perez, E., Velez-Almodovar, H., Arroyo-Calderon, Y. (2002). Breast cancer health promotion model for older Puerto Rican women: results of a pilot programme. Health Promotion International 17(1): 3-11. [Free Full Text]

  • Olson, C.M. (Div. Nutritional Sciences, Rm.376 MVR Hall, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853) (1994). Promoting positive nutritional practices during pregnancy and lactation. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 59(2 suppl.):525S-531S. [Free Full Text]

  • O'Loughlin, J.L., Paradis, G., Gray-Donald, K., & Renaud, L. (1999).  The Impact of a Community-Based Heart Disease Prevention Program in a Low-Income, Inner-City Neighborhood.  American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 89(12): 1819-1826. [Free Full Text]

  • O'Loughlin, J. (Dept of Public Health, Montreal General Hospital, 4835, Christophe-Colomb, Montreal (Quebec) H2J 3G8), Paradis, G., Kishchuk, N., Gray-Donald, K., Renaud, L., Finés, P., Barnett, T. (1995). Coeur en santé St-Henri - a heart health promotion programme in Montreal, Canada: design and methods for evaluation. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 49(5): 495-502. [Free Full Text]

  • O'Meara, C. (Univ. of Canberra, PO Box 1, Belconnen, ACT 2616, Australia) (1993). An evaluation of consumer perspectives of childbirth and parenting education. Midwifery 9(4): 210-219.

  • Opdycke, R.A. (College of Pharmacy, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065), Ascione, F.J., Shimp, L.A., Rosen, R.I. (1992). A systematic approach to educating elderly patients about their medications. Patient Education and Counseling 19(1): 43-60. [Free Full Text]

  • Orenstein, D.C., Speers, N.M., Brownstein, J.N. and Ramsey, D.C. (CDC) (1992). Synthesis of the Four PATCH Evaluations. Journal of Health Education 23(3): 187-192. [The PATCH manual was continuously updated online by CDC until 2004, as it was gradually replaced by a new generation of community health planning tools]. For the full PATCH manual, which is now out of print, click here. 

  • Oruoji, M.A., Hashemi, S.I., Hazavehei, S.M.M., Charkazi, A., Jvaheri, J., and Moazeni, M. (2012). The positive impact of educational intervention program based on PRECEDE model on preventive preventive behaviors to reduce brucellosis in the rural people of KHomein. J Gorgan Bouyeh Facult Nurs Midwifery. 2012(1):51–60.

  • Ostwald, S. K. & Rothenberger, J. (1985). Development of a testicular self-examination program for college men. Journal of the American College Health, 33(6): 234-239.

  • Ottoson J.M. and Green, L.W. (1987). Reconciling Concept and Context: Theory of Implementation. In WB Ward and MH Becker, (eds.), Advances in Health Education and Promotion, vol. 2, Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, pp. 353-82.

  • Ottoson, J.M. (Adult Educ. Research Centre, Univ. British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1L2, Canada) (May 1993). Implementation research: understanding the application of learning following continuing professional education. Proceedings of Adult Education Research Conference, University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University.

  • Ottoson, J.M. (1995). Use of a conceptual framework to explore multiple influences on the application of learning following a continuing education program. Canadian J. of Adult Education 9(2): 1-18.

  • Ottoson, J.M. (1997). After the Applause: Exploring Multiple Influences on Application Following Adult Education Programs. Adult Education Quarterly 47(2): 92-107.

  • Ottoson, J. M. (1998). The role of contextual variables in the application of community training in substance abuse prevention, paper presented at XVI World Conference on Health Promotion and Health Education.   San Juan, Puerto Rico, June 21-26, 1998.  Abstracts "Book published by Graduate School of Public Health, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, 1998, pp. 26-27.

  • Ottoson, J.M. & Green, L.W. (2001). Public health education and health promotion. Chap 12 in Lloyd F. Novick & Glen P. Mays (Eds.). Public Health Administration: Principles for Population-Based Management. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers, Inc., pp. 300-323. 2nd edition in press, 2006.

  • Oxman, A.D. (Health Services Res.Unit, Natl.Inst.of Public Health, Geitmyrsveien 75, 0462 Oslo, Norway), Thomson, M.A., Davis, D.A., Haynes, R.B. (McMaster U.) (1995). No magic bullets: A systematic review of 102 trials of interventions to improve professional practice. Canadian Medical Association Journal 153(10):1423-1431. [Free Full Text]

  • Ozer, E.M., Adams, S.H., Lustig, J.L., Gee, S., Garber, A.K., Gardner, L.R., Rehbein, M., Addison, L., Irwin, C.E. Jr. (2005). Increasing the screening and counseling of adolescents for risky health behaviors: a primary care intervention. Pediatrics 115(4):960-8. [Free Full Text]

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