If we want more evidence-based practice, we need more practice-based evidence.*

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The following are published articles applying or analyzing the Socioeconomic Index presented in: Green, Lawrence W. (1970). Manual for scoring socioeconomic status for research on health behavior. Public Health Reports, 85 (9): 815-827, Sept. 1970.

1. Adams, O. Health status. In Health and Welfare Canada, T. Stephens and D. Fowler Graham (Eds.) Canada's health promotion survey 1990: Technical report. Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services Canada, 23-40, 1993.

2. Adler, N. E., Boyce, T., Chesney, M. A., Cohen, S., Folkman, S., Kahn, R. L. & Syme, S. L. Socioeconomic status and health: The challenge of the gradient. American Psychologist, 49: 15-24, 1994.

3. Adler, N. E., Boyce, W. T., Chesney, M. A., Folkman, S. & Syme, S. L. Socioeconomic inequalities in health. No easy solution. JAMA, 269 (24): 3140-3145, 1993.

4. Alexander, M. A., Sherman, J. B. & Clark, L. Obesity in Mexican-American preschool children: A population group at risk. Public Health Nursing , 8 (1): 53-58, 1991.

5. Anderson, P., Cremona, A., Paton, A., Turner, C. & Wallace, P. The risk of alcohol. Addiction, 88: 1493-1508, 1993.

6. Austin, J. K. & Huberty, T. J. Development of the Child Attitude Toward Illness Scale. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 18 (4): 467-480, 1993.

7. Austin, J. K., Smith, M. K., Risinger, M. W. & McNelis, A. M. Childhood epilepsy and asthma: Comparison of quality of life. Epilepsia, 35 (3): 608-615, 1994.

8. Austin, J. K., Huster, G. A., Dunn, D. W. & Risinger, M. W. Adolescents with active or inactive epilepsy or asthma: A comparison of quality of life. Epilepsia, 37 (12): 1228-1238, 1996.

9. Austoker, J. Cancer prevention in primary care: Diet and cancer. British Medical Journal, 308: 1610-1614, 1994.

10. Austoker, J. Cancer prevention in primary care: Reducing alcohol intake. British Medical Journal, 308: 1549-1552, 1994.

11. Badgley, R. F. Social and economic disparities under Canadian health care. Int J Health Serv, 21 (4): 659-671, 1991.

12. Barr, R. G., Kramer, M. S., Boisjoly, C., McVey-White, L. & Pless, I. B. Parental diary of infant cry and fuss behavior. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 63: 380-387, 1988.

13. Bartecchi, C. E., MacKenzie, T. D. & Schrier, R.W. The human cost of tobacco use (First of two parts). New England Journal fo Medicine, 330: 907-912, 1994.

14. Beauchamp, Gary K. & Moran, Marianne. Dietary experience and sweet taste preference in human infants. Appetite, 3 (2): 139-52, 1982.

15. Bergevin, Y., Dougherty, C., & Kramer, M. S. Do infant formula samples shorten the duration of breast-feeding? Lancet; 1(8334): 1148-51, 1983.

16. Blackman, James A. & Levine, Melvin D. A follow-up study of preschool children evaluated for developmental and behavioral problems. Clinical Pediatrics, 26 (5): 248-252, 1987.

17. Blank, Deidre M. Development of the infant tenderness scale. Nursing Research, 34(4): 211-216, 1985.

18. Blank, Deidre, M., Schrodeder, Mary Ann, & Flynn, Johanna.  Major influences on maternal responsiveness to infants.  Applied Nursing Research, 8 (1):  34-38, 1995.

19. Blank, Deidre M. Relating mothers' anxiety and perception to infant satiety, anxiety, and feeding behavior. Nursing Research, 35 (6): 347-351, 1986.

20. Blaxter, M. Health and lifestyles. London: Routledge, 1990.

21. Blishen, R.B., Carroll, W.K., & Moore, C.  The 1981 socioeconomic index for occupations in Canada.  Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 24, 465-488, 1987.

22. Bor, W., Najman, J. M., Andersen, M., Morrison, J. & Williams G. Socioeconomic disadvantage and child morbidity: An Australian longitudinal study. Social Science and Medicine, 36: 1053-1061, 1993.

23. Boyce, W. T., Chesterman, E. A. & Winkleby, M. A. Psychosocial predictors of maternal and infant health among adolescent mothers. Am J Dis Children, 145(3): 267-273, 1991.

24. Brine, E. A., Rickard, K. A., Brady, M. S., Liechty, E. A., Manatunga, A., Sadove, M. & Bull, M. J. Effectiveness of two feeding methods in improving energy intake and growth of infants with cleft palate: A randomized study. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 94 (7): 732-738, 1994.

25. Briscoe, May E., Hochstrasser, Donald L., Somes, Grant W., Cowen, David L. & Culley, Gregory A. Follow-up study of the impact of a rural preventive care outreach program on children's health and use of medical services. American Journal of Public Health, 70 (2): 151-156, 1980.

26. Broadhead, W. E., Gehlbach, Stephen H., de Gruy, Frank V. & Kaplan, Berton H. The Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire: Measurement of social support in family medicine patients. Medical Care, 26 (7): 709-721, 1988.

27. Bronson, David L., Costanza, Michael C. & Tufy, Henry M. Using medical records for older patient education in ambulatory practice. Medical Care, 24 (4): 332-339, 1986.

28. Brown, Julia S. & Rawlinson, May E. Psychosocial status of patients randomly assigned to medical or surgical therapy for chronic stable angina. The American Journal of Cardiology, 44 (3): 546-554, 1979.

29. Brown, Patricia M. The congruence between moral judgment and selected scales of the MMPI. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 32 (3): 627-630, 1976.

30. Bruhn, J. & Wolf, S. The Roseto story: An anatomy of health. Oklahoma City: University of Oklahoma Press, 1979.

31. Bunker, Clareann H., Mallinger, Alan G., Adams, Lucile L. & Kuller, Lewis H. Red blood cell sodium-lithium countertransport and cardiovascular risk factors in black and white college students. Journal of Hypertension, 5 (1): 7-15, 1987.

32. Calnan, M. Control over health and patterns of health-related behaviour. Social Science and Medicine, 26: 435-455, 1989.

33. *Calnan, M. Lifestyle and its social meaning. In G.L. Albrecht (Ed.) A reconsideration of health behavior change models. Advances in Medical Sociology, 1994; 4: 69-88.

34. Canada. A New perspective on the health of Canadians (Lalonde Report). Ottawa: Department of National Health and Welfare, 1974.

35. Canadian Center for Health Information. Mortality - Summary list of causes, 1991. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 1994.

36. Casey, Patrick H. & Whitt, J. Kenneth. Effect of the pediatrician on the mother-infant relationship. Pediatrics, 65 (4): 815-20, 1980.

37. Casey, Patrick H., Wortham, Betty & Nelson, Joann Y. Management of children with failure to thrive in a rural ambulatory setting: Epidemiology and growth outcomes. Clinical Pediatrics, 23 (6): 325-30, 1984.

38. Center for Disease Control. Cigarette smoking-attributable mortality and years of potential life lost - United States, 1990. MMWR Morbidity, Mortality Weekly Reports, 42: 645-649, 1993.

39. Champion, V. L. Breast self-examination in women 35 and older: A prospective study. J Behav Med, 13 (6): 523-538, 1990.

40. Chan-Yip, Alice M. & Kramer, Michael S. Promotion of breast-feeding in a Chinese community in Montreal. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 129: 955-958, 1983.

41. Clark, Austen & Friedman, Matthew J. Nine Standardized Scales for Evaluating Treatment Outcome in a Mental Health Clinic. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 39 (6): 939-950, 1983.

42. Clark, Lynda L. & Beal, Virginia A. Age at Introduction of Solid Foods to Infants in Manitoba. Journal of the Canadian Dietetic Association, 42 (1): 72-78, 1981.

43. Clark, Lynda L. & Beal, Virginia A. (1982) Prevalence and duration of breast-feeding in Manitoba. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 126 (10): 1173-1175, 1982.

44. Cocco, P. & Dosemeci, M. Peritoneal cancer and occupational exposure to asbestos: Results from the application of a job-exposure matrix. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 35: 9-14, 1999.

45. Cocco, P., Dosemeci, M., & Heineman, E. F. Brain cancer and occupational exposure to lead. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 40 (11): 937-942, November 1998.

46. Cocco, P., Heineman, E. F., Dosemeci, M.  Occupational risk factors for cancer of the Central Nervous System (CNS) among US women. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 36: 70-74, 1999.

47. Cocco, P., Ward, M. H., Dosemeci, M.   Occupational risk factors for cancer of the gastric cardia. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 40 (10): 855-861, October 1998.

48. Colditz, G. A., Willett, W. C., Stampfer, M. J., Manson, J. E., Henneken, C. H., Arky, R. A. & Speizer, F.E. Weight as a risk factor for clinical diabetes in women. American Journal of Epidemiology, 132: 501-513, 1990.

49. Conboy, Thomas J., Pass, Robert F., Stagno, Sergio, Alford, Charles A., Myers, Gary J., Britt, William J., McCollister, Faye P., Summers, Mary N., McFarland, Carl E. & Boll, Thomas J. Early clinical manifestations and intellectual outcome in children with symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection. The Journal of Pediatrics, 111 (3): 343-348, 1987.

50. Conboy, Thomas J., Pass, Robert F., Stagno, Sergio, Britt, William J., Alford, Charles A., McFarland, Carl E. & Boll, Thomas J. Intellectual development in school-aged children with asymptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Pediatrics, 77 (6): 801-806, 1986.

51. Crawford, Patricia B., Hankin, Jean H. & Huenemann, Ruth L. Environmental factors associated with preschool obesity. III. Dietary intakes, eating patterns, and anthropometric measurements. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 72 (6): 589-596, 1978.

52. Dawber, T. R. Summary of recent literature regarding cigarette smoking and coronary heart disease. Circulation, 22: 164-166, 1960.

53. Dooher, Mary E. Lamaze method of childbirth. Nursing Research, 29 (4): 220-224, 1980.

54. Drossman, Douglas A., Patrick, Donald L., Mitchell, C. Madeline, Zagami, Edwina A. & Appelbaum, Mark I. Health-related quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease: Functional status and patient worries and concerns. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 34 (9): 1379-1386, 1989.

55. Drossman, Douglas A., Leserman, Jane., Nachman, Ginette, Li, Zhiming, Gluck, Honi, Toomey, Timothy C. & Mitchell, C. Madeline. Sexual and physical abuse in women with functional or organic gastrointestinal disorders. Annals of Internal Medicine, 113 (11): 828-833, 1990.

56. Egolf, B., Lasker, J., Wolf, S. & Potvin, L. The Roseto effect: A 50-year comparison of mortality rates. American Journal of Public Health, 82: 1089-1092, 1992.

57. Epp, J. Achieving health for all: A framework for health promotion. Health Promotion International, 1: 419-428, 1986.

58. Eraker, Stephen A., Kirscht, John P. & Becker, Marshall H. Understanding and improving patient compliance. Annals of Internal Medicine, 100 (2): 258-268, 1984.

59. Ernst, Judith A., Bull, Marilyn J., Rickard, Karyl A., Brady, Mary Sue & Lemons, James A. Growth outcome and feeding practices of the very low birth weight infant (less than 1500 grams) within the first year of life. The Journal of Pediatrics, 117 (2, Part 2): S156-S166, 1990.

60. Ernst, Judith A., Bull, Marilyn J., Rickard, Karyl A., Brady, Mary Sue, Schreiner, Richard L., Gresham, Edwin L., & Lemons, James A. Feeding practices of the very low-birth-weight infant within the first year. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 82 (2): 158-162, 1983.

61. Esrey, S.A., Potash, J.B., Roberts, L. & Shiff, C. Effects of improved water supply and sanitation on ascariasis, diarrhoea, dracunculiasis, hookworm infection, schistosomiasis and trachoma. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 69: 609-621, 1991.

62. Ferris, Ann M., McCabe, L. Theresa, Allen, Lindsay H. & Pelto, Gretel H. Biological and sociocultural determinants of successful lactation among women in eastern Connecticut. Journal of The American Dietetic Association, 87 (3): 316-321, 1987.

63. Feuerstein, Michael, Barr, Ronald G., Francoeur, T. Emmett, Houle, Manon & Rafman, Sandra. Potential biobehavioral mechanisms of recurrent abdominal pain in children. Pain, 13: 287-298, 1982.

64. Fischman, Susan H. Delivery or abortion in inner-city adolescents. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 47 (1): 127-133, 1977.

65. Fisher, J.D. & Fisher, W.A. Changing AIDS-risk behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 111: 455-474, 1992.

66. Fox, S. H., Koepsell, T. D. & Daling, J. R. Birth weight and smoking during pregnancy -- effect modification by maternal age. American Journal of Epidemiology, 139: 1008-1015, 1994.

67. Frazier, P. Jean, Jenny, Joanna, Bagramian, Robert A., Robinson, Emerson & Proshek, John M. Provider expectations and consumer perceptions of the importance and value of dental care. American Journal of Public Health, 67 (1): 37-43, 1977.

68. Freudenberg, N. AIDS prevention in the United States: Lessons from the first decade. International Journal of Health Services, 20: 589-599, 1990.

69. Garrison, R.J., Gold, R.S., Wilson, P.W. & Kannel, W.B. Eductional attainment and health: The Framingham Offspring Study. Prev Med, 22 (1): 54-64, 1993.

70. Glantz, S. A. & Parmley, W. W. Passive smoking and heart disease: Epidemiology, physiology, and biochemistry. Circulation, 83: 1-12, 1991.

71. Gray-Donald, Katherine, Kramer, Michael S., Munday, Susan & Leduc, Denis G. Effect of formula supplementation in the hospital on the duration of breast-feeding: A controlled clinical trial. Pediatrics, 75 (3): 514-518, 1985.

72. Green, L .W. & Kreuter, M. W. Health promotion planning: An educational and environmental approach (2nd ed). Mountain View, CA: Mayfield, 1991.

73. Green, Lawrence W., Levine, David M. & Deeds, Sigrid. Clinical trials of health education for hypertensive outpatients: Design and baseline data. Preventive Medicine, 4: 417-425, 1975.

74. Green, L. W. & McAlister, A. L. Macro-intervention to support health behavior: Some theoretical perspectives and practical reflections. Health Education Quarterly, 11: 322-339, 1984.

75. Guyer, Bernard, Gallagher, Susan S., Chang, Bei-Hung, Azzara, Carey V., Cupples, L. Adrienne & Colton, Theodore. Prevention of childhood injuries: Evaluation of the Statewide Childhood Injury Prevention Program (SCIPP) American Journal of Public Health, 79 (11): 1521-1527, 1989.

76. Haan, M., Kaplan, G.A. & Camacho, T. Poverty and health. Prospective evidence from the Alameda County Study. Am J Epidemiol, 125 (6): 989-998, 1987.

77. *Harris, D. M. & Guten, S. Health Protective Behavior Exploratory Study. Health Education Monographs 2 326 74, 1979.

78. Hay, D. I. Socioeconomic status and health status: A study of males in the Canada Health Survey. Soc Sci Med, 27 (12): 1317-1325, 1988.

79. Hayes, R. B., Ziegler, R. G., Gridley, G., Swanson, C., Greenberg, R. S., Swanson, G. M., Schoenberg, J. B., Silverman, D. T., Brown, L. M., Pottern, L. M., Liff, J., Schwartz, A. G., Fraumeni, J. F., Jr., & Hoover, R. N. Dietary factors and risks for prostrate cancer among blacks and whites in the United States. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 8 (1): 25-34, January 1999.

80. He, Y., Lam, T. H., Li, L. S., Ri, L. S., Du, R .Y., Jia, G. L., Huang, J. Y. & Zheng, J .S. Passive smoking at work as a risk factor for coronary heart disease in Chinese women who have never smoked. BMJ, 308: 380-384, 1994.

81. Heatherington S. E. A controlled study of the effect of prepared childbirth classes on obstetric outcomes. Birth, 17( 2): 86-90, 1990.

82. Heineman, E.F., Zahm, S.H., McLaughlin, J.K., & Vaught, J.B.  Increased risk of colorectal cancer among smokers:  Results of a 26- year follow-up of U.S. veterans and a review.  International Journal of Cancer, 59:  728-738, 1994.

83. Hellman, Sandra. The dentist and preventive dental health information. Health Education Monographs, 4 (2): 132-176, 1976.

84. Helmrich, S. P., Ragland D. R., Leung, R. W. & Paffenbarger, R.S. Physical activity and reduced occurence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The New England Journal of Medicine, 325: 147-152, 1991.

85. Hertz, E., Hebert, J. R. & Landon, J. Social and environmental factors and life expectancy, infant mortality, and maternal mortality rates: Results of a cross-national comparison. Social Science and Medicine, 39: 105-114, 1994.

86. Hiatt, Robert A., Cline, Barnett L., Ruiz-Tiben, Ernesto, Knight, Wilda B. & Berrios-Duran, Luis A. The Boqueron Project after 5 years: A Prospective Community-based Study of Infection with Schistosoma mansoni in Puerto Rico. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 29 (6): 1228-40, 1980.

87. Higgins, D. L., Galavotti, C., O'Reilly, K. R., Schnell, D. J., Moore, M., Rugg, D. L. & Johnson, R. Evidence of the effect of HIV antibody counselling and testing on risk behaviors. JAMA, 266: 2419-2429, 1991.

88. Higgins, M. Risk factors associated with chronic obstructive lung disease. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 624: 7-17, 1991.

89. Hollinger, F. Blaine, Grander, James W., Nickel, F. R. & Suarez, Monica. Hepatitis B prevalence within a dental student population. Journal of the American Dental Association, 94 (3): 521-7, 1977.

90. House, J. S., Kessler, R. C. & Herzog, A. R. Age, socioeconomic status, and health. Milbank Q, 68 (3): 383-411, 1990.

91. House, J. S., Kessler, R. C., Herzog, A. R., Mero, R. P., Kinney, A. M. & Breslow, M.J. Age, socioeconomic status and health. Milbank Quarterly, 68: 383-411, 1990.

92. Huenemann, Ruth L. Environmental factors associated with preschool obesity: I. Obesity in six-month-old children. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 64 (5): 480-487, 1974.

93. Huenemann, Ruth L. Environmental factors associated with preschool obesity: II. Obesity and food practices of children at successive age levels. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 64 (5): 488-491, 1974.

94. Hunninghake, D. B., Stein, E .A., Dujovne, C. A., Harris, W. S., Feldman, E. B., Miller, V. T., Tobert, J. A., Laskarzewski, P. M., Quiter, E., Held, J., Taylor, A. M., Hoppper, S., Leonard, S .B. & Brewer, B. K. The efficacy of intensive therapy alone or combined with lovastatin in outpatients with hypercholesterolemia. The New England Journal of Medicine, 328: 1213-1219, 1993.

95. Hunter, Saundra MacD., Rosenbaum, Peter A., Borecki, Ingrid B., Elston, Robert C. & Berenson, Gerald S. A method to assess the environment for genetic studies: The Common Environment Index and the Household Relationships Interview. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 21: 325-335, 1985.

96. Hunziker, Urs A. & Barr, Ronald G. Increased carrying reduces infant crying: A randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics, 77 (5): 641-648, 1986.

97. Janas, Lynn Marie, Picciano, Mary Frances & Hatch, Terry F. Indices of protein metabolism in term infants fed human milk, whey-predominant formula, or cow's milk formula. Pediatrics, 75 (4): 775-784, 1985.

98. Johnson, John W. C., Austin, Karl L., Jones, Georgeanna S., Davis, George H. & King, Theodore M. Efficacy of 17alpha-Hydorxyprogesterone Caproate in the prevention of premature labor. New England Journal of Medicine, 293 (14): 675-80, 1975.

99. Jones, Rhys B. Continuity of care in a county dental public health center. Journal of Public Health Dentistry, 43 (2): 145-51, 1983.

100. Keil, J. E., Sutherland, S. E., Knapp, R. G. & Tyroler, H.A. Does equal socioeconomic status in black and white men mean equal risk of mortality? American Journal of Public Health, 82: 1133-1136, 1992.

101. Keil, Julian E. & Cowan, Betty. Prevalence of hypertension in females of Punjab State, India: Relationships with age, residence, heart rate, occupation, and obesity. Human Biology, 49 (4): 641-650, 1977.

102. Keil, Julian E., Loadholt, C. Boyd, Weinrich, Martin C., Sandifer, S. Hope & Boyle, Jr., Edwin. Incidence of coronary heart disease in blacks in Charleston, South Carolina. American Heart Journal, 108 (3) Part 2: 779-786, 1984.

103. Keil, Julian E., Tyroler, Herman A., Sandifer, Samuel H. & Boyle, Jr., Edwin. Hypertension: Effects of social class and racial admixture: The results of a cohort study in the black population of Charleston, South Carolina. American Journal of Public Health, 67 (7): 634-9, 1977.

104. Keil, Julian E., Weinrich, Martin C., Keil, Barbara W., Britt, Reginald P. & Hollis, Yvonne. Hypertension in a population sample of female Punjabi Indians in Southall. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 34 (1): 45-47, 1980.

105. Kirk, Kenneth W. & Ohvall, Richard A. Sex differences in pharmacy student career planning and aspirations American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 39 (1): 37-40, 1975.

106. Klag, M. J., Whelton, P. K., Coresh, J., Grim, C. E. & Kuller, L. H. The association of skin color with blood pressure in United States blacks with low socioeconomic status. J Am Med Assoc, 265 (5): 599-602, 1991.

107. Kramer, Michael S., Arsenault, Louise & Pless, I. Barry. The use of preventable adverse outcomes to study the quality of child health care: A new application of case-control research. Medical Care, 22 (3): 223-30, 1984.

108. Kramer, Michael S., Barr, Ronald G., Leduc, Denis G., Boisjoly, Christiane, McVey-White, Lynne & Pless, I. Barry. Determinants of weight and adiposity in the first year of life. The Journal of Pediatrics, 106 (1): 10-14, 1985.

109. Kramer, Michael S., Barr, Ronald G., Leduc, Denis G., Boisjoly, Christiane & Pless, I. Barry. Maternal psychological determinants of infant obesity: Development and testing of two new instruments. Journal of Chronic Disease, 36 (4): 329-335, 1983.

110. Kramer, Michael S., Barr, Ronald G., Leduc, Denis G., Boisjoly, Christiane & Pless, I. Barry. Infant determinants of childhood weight and adiposity. The Journal of Pediatrics, 107 (1): 104-107, 1985.

111. Kramer, Michael S., Hutchinson, Tom A., Flegel, Kenneth M., Naimark, Lenora, Contardi, Rita & Leduc, Denis G. Adverse drug reactions in general pediatric outpatients. The Journal of Pediatrics, 106 (2): 305-310, 1985.

112. Kramer, Michael S., Naimark, Lenora & Leduc, Denis G. Parental fever phobia and its correlates. Pediatrics, 75 (6): 1110-1113, 1985.

113. Kramer, M. S., Naimark, L. E., Robertson, R. & McDougal, A. Risks and benefits of paracetamol antipyresis in young children with fever of presumed viral origin. Lancet, 337 (8741): 591-594, 1991.

114. Kuller, L. H., Ockene, J. K., Meilahn, E., Wentworth, D. N., Svendsen, K. H. & Neaton, J. D. Cigarette smoking and mortality, MRFIT Research Group. Preventive Medicine, 29: 638-654, 1991.

115. Kunts, A. E. & Mackenbach, J. P. The size of mortality differences associated with educational level in nine industrialized countries. American Journal of Public Health, 84: 932-937, 1994.

116. Lahelma, E., Manderbacka, K., Rahkonen, O. & Karisto, A. Comparisons of inequalities in health: Evidence from national surveys in Finland, Norway, Sweden. Social Science and Medicine, 38: 517-524, 1994.

117. Landman, Gary B. An evaluation of the effects of being regarded as "unmotivated". Clinical Pediatrics, 26 (5): 271-274, 1987.

118. Landman, Gary B., Levine, Melvin D. & Rappaport, Leonard. A study of treatment resistance among children referred for encopresis. Clinical Pediatrics, 23 (8): 449-52, 1984.

119. Larson, Charles P., Pless, I. Barry & Miettinen, Olli. Preschool behavior disorders: Their prevalence in relation to determinants. The Journal of Pediatrics, 113 (2): 278-285, 1988.

120. Lasker, J.N., Egolf, B.P., Wolf, S. (1994) Community social change and mortality. Social Science and Medicine, 39: 53-62, 1988.

121. Law, M. R., Wald, N. J. & Thompson, S. G. By how much and how quickly does reduction in serum cholesterol concentration lower risk of ischaemic heart disease? BMJ, 308: 367-373, 1994.

122. Leon, D. A., Vagero, D., Otterblad Olausson, P. Social class differences and infant mortality in Sweden: Comparison with England and Wales. British Medical Journal, 305: 687-690, 1992.

123. Levine, Melvin D. & Bakow, Harry Children With Encopresis: A study of treatment outcome. Pediatrics, 58 (6): 845-52, 1976.

124. Libb, J. Wesley, Dahle, Arthur, Smith, Karen, McCollister, Faye P. & McLain, Carol. Hearing Disorder and Cognitive Function of Individuals With Down Syndrome. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 90(3): 353-356, 1985.

125. Lindblad, R. A. Self-Concept of white, middle socioeconomic status addicts: A controlled study. International Journal of the Addictions, 12(1): 137-51, 1977.

126. Loughlin, Howard H., Clapp-Channing, Nancy E., Gehlbach, Stephen H., Pollard, John C. & McCutchen, Thomas M. Early termination of breast-feeding: Identifying those at risk. Pediatrics, 75 (3): 508-513, 1985.

127. Luepker, R. V., Rosamond, W. D., Murphy, R., Sprafka, J. M., Folsom, A. R., McGovern, P. G. & Blackburn, H. Socioeconomic status and coronary heart disease risk factor trends: The Minnesota Heart Health Survey. Circulation, 88: 2172-2179, 1993.

128. Macarthur, Alison J., Macarthur, C. & Weeks, S. K. Is epidural anesthesia in labor associated with chronic low back pain? A prospective cohort study. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 85: 1066-1070, 1997.

129. Mackey, A. D. & Picciano, M. F. Maternal folate status during extended lactation and the effect of supplemental folic acid. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 69 (2): 285-292, 1999.

130. Mannan, Sayeeda & Picciano, Mary Frances. Influence of maternal selenium status on human milk selenium concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 46: 95-100, 1987.

131. Manson, J. E., Tosteson, H., Ridker, P. M., Satterfield, S., Herbert, P., O'Connor, G. T., Buring, J. E. & Hennekens, C. H. The primary prevention of myocardial infarction. The New England Journal of Medicine, 326: 1406-1416, 1992.

132. Maril, Robert Lee & Zavaleta, Anthony N. Drinking patterns of low-income Mexican-American women. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 40 (5): 480-484, 1979.

133. Marlin, Diane Wolfe, Picciano, Mary Frances & Livant, Emily Calkins. Infant feeding practices. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 77 (6): 668-676, 1980.

134. Marmot, M. G., Shipley, M .J., Rose, G. Inequalities in death: Specific explanations of a general pattern? Lancet, 337: 1387-1393, 1984.

135. Marmot, M. G., Smith, G. D., Stansfeld, S., Patel, C., North, F., Head, J., White, I., Brunner, E. & Feeney, A. Health inequalities among British civil servants: The Whitehall II study. Lancet, 337 (8754): 1387-1393, 1991.

136. McGinnis, J. M. & Foege, W. H. Actual causes of death in the United States. JAMA, 270: 2207-2212, 1993.

137. Millar, W. T. & Stephens, T. Social status and health risk in Canadian adults: 1985-1991. Health Reports, 5: 143-156, 1993.

138. Miller, Jean R. & Pless, I. Barry Child automobile restraints: Evaluation of health education. Pediatrics, 59 (6): 907-11, 1977.

139. Mittendorf, R., Herschel, M., Williams, M. A., Hibbard, J. U., Moawad, A. H. & Lee, K. S. Reducing the frequency of low birth weight in the United States. Obstetric and Gynecology, 83: 1056-1059, 1994.

140. Moffatt, Michael Edward Knowler, Kato, Caroline & Pless, Ivan Barry. Improvements in self-concept after treatment of nocturnal enuresis: Randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Pediatrics, 110 (4): 647-652, 1987.

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